PMS and diving safety

As women divers, we know that our bodies experience unique challenges both above and below the surface. One topic that's often whispered about in dive shops but rarely discussed openly is how premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects our diving safety. It's time to bring this conversation into the light and explore what science tells us about diving during those challenging days of our cycle.

Understanding PMS and its impact

Premenstrual syndrome affects between 25 to 50 percent of women, typically occurring in the days leading up to menstruation. The symptoms are as varied as they are uncomfortable: mood swings, irritability, decreased mental alertness, tension, fatigue, depression, headaches, bloating, swelling, breast tenderness, joint pain, and food cravings. For some women, these symptoms are mild inconveniences. For others, they can significantly impact daily functioning.

But here's what's particularly relevant for divers: research has shown that accidents in general are more common among women during PMS. This isn't about being dramatic or using our periods as an excuse – this is scientific fact that we need to take seriously when planning our diving activities.

The science behind PMS and accident risk

While the exact mechanisms aren't fully understood, several factors during PMS can contribute to increased accident risk:

Decreased Mental Alertness: PMS can fog our thinking and slow our reaction times. Underwater, where split-second decisions can mean the difference between a safe dive and an emergency, this cognitive impact becomes critically important.

Mood Changes and Irritability: Diving requires calm, rational decision-making. When PMS brings mood swings or increased irritability, we might be more likely to make impulsive choices or react poorly to unexpected situations.

Fatigue: The exhaustion that often accompanies PMS can impair judgment and physical performance – both essential for safe diving.

Physical Discomfort: Bloating, headaches, and joint pain can distract us from focusing on dive safety protocols or recognizing potential problems.

Diving smart during PMS

The good news? You don't have to hang up your fins every month. Instead, consider these strategies for diving more conservatively during PMS:

Pre-Dive Planning

• Know your cycle: Track your symptoms to identify when you're most affected

• Choose easier dive sites: Skip the challenging drift dives or deep wrecks during heavy PMS days

• Dive with trusted buddies: Make sure your dive partner knows you might need extra support

• Plan shorter surface intervals: Give yourself more time to rest and rehydrate between dives

During the Dive

• Reduce depth and bottom time: Conservative diving becomes even more important

• Make longer safety stops: Give your body extra time to off-gas

• Stay closer to your buddy: Maintain better communication and positioning

• Trust your instincts: If something doesn't feel right, end the dive early

Post-Dive Considerations

• Monitor yourself closely: Watch for any unusual symptoms or feelings

• Stay well-hydrated: Combat bloating and support circulation

• Get adequate rest: Don't push through fatigue – your body needs recovery time

The Decompression Illness Connection

While there's no definitive scientific evidence that PMS increases susceptibility to decompression illness (DCI), the physical changes during this time – particularly fluid retention and tissue swelling – could theoretically affect how our bodies eliminate nitrogen. This is another reason why conservative diving practices during PMS make sense.

Some women report feeling more "bubbly" or experiencing minor DCI symptoms during their premenstrual period, though this remains anecdotal. The key is listening to your body and erring on the side of caution.

When to Consider Sitting Out

Sometimes the best diving decision is not to dive at all. Consider staying on the surface if you're experiencing:

• Debilitating fatigue that affects your physical capabilities

• Significant pain that could distract you underwater

• Mood changes that might make you a risk to yourself or your dive buddy

Remember, there's no shame in recognizing when you're not at your best. Your diving will be there when you're feeling better.

The Bigger Picture

Understanding how PMS affects our bodies and diving performance allows us to make informed decisions and take appropriate precautions.

Every woman's experience with PMS is different. Some may find their symptoms barely affect their diving, while others might need to adjust their diving practices significantly. The key is honest self-assessment and being willing to modify your diving approach when needed.

Moving Forward

As the diving community becomes more inclusive and supportive, conversations about women's health issues like PMS and diving safety become increasingly important. By sharing our experiences and knowledge, we can help ensure that all women feel confident and safe in the underwater world.

The ocean will always be there, but our safety depends on making smart decisions about when and how we explore it. During PMS, that might mean diving more conservatively, choosing easier sites, or sometimes taking a break altogether. And that's perfectly okay.

Note: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider and dive medicine professional for personalized guidance on diving during PMS or any other health concerns.

Sources

1. Divers Alert Network (DAN). "Women's Health and Diving." Available at: https://world.dan.org/health-medicine/health-resources/diseases-conditions/womens-health-and-diving/

2. Uguccioni, D.M., Moon, R., & Taylor, M.B. "Premenstrual Syndrome and Diving Safety." DAN Health and Medicine Resources.

3. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. "Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)." ACOG Practice Bulletin.

4. Bennett, P.B. & Elliott, D.H. (Eds.). "The Physiology and Medicine of Diving." 4th Edition. W.B. Saunders Company.

5. Bove, A.A. "Bove and Davis' Diving Medicine." 4th Edition. Saunders.